Indian Current Affairs 24 June 2026: Top National & International Updates

According to the passage, plagiarism is best understood as:

Which ethical principle is NOT mentioned in the passage as part of the Belmont Report?

Which software is most commonly used by universities to detect plagiarism?

What is identified in the passage as a new ethical challenge in the digital age?

What does the passage emphasise as the ultimate foundation of credible research?

Interpretivism is an epistemology which contrasts:

If

m^{2}+n^{2}=20

and

n=m+2

, then the value of

(m^{4}+n^{4})

is:

'Kinesics', 'Proxemics', and 'Haptics' are sub-types of:

What is Grapevine communication?

Arrange the following communication models in the correct chronological order of their development:

Shannon-Weaver Model
Lasswell's Model
Berlo's S-M-C-R Model
Aristotle's Model

Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Propagandic communication at the National level is supposed to recognize the fact that truth need not be separated from falsehood.
Statement II: The mediated propaganda process blurs truth and falsehood in order to be persuasive. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer:

Match the following Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with the primary global issue they aim to address:

List-I (SDG)	List-II (Primary Global Issue)
A. SDG 5	1. Climate Action
B. SDG 10	2. Gender Equality
C. SDG 13	3. Life on Land
D. SDG 15	4. Reduced Inequalities

Arrange the following environment related acts in the chronological order of their enactment.
A. The Wildlife Protection Act
B. Air Prevention and Control of Pollution Act
C. The National Green Tribunal Act
D. Environment Protection Act
E. The Forest Conservation Act

Arrange the following standard operating steps of a cash withdrawal transaction at an ATM in a logical sequence:
A. Enter the 4-digit Personal Identification Number (PIN).
B. Select the transaction category (Withdrawal) and account type (Savings/Current).
C. Collect the cash from the dispenser slot.
D. Insert the ATM-cum-debit card into the designated slot.
E. Enter the specific withdrawal amount.

Divide 4,800 among Ram, Shyam and Kartik in the ratio of

4:8:3

. Find the amount received by Shyam.

Match the following apex regulatory/governing bodies with the specific higher education sector they primarily oversee:

List-I (Apex Body)	List-II (Primary Sector of Oversight)
A. University Grants Commission (UGC)	1. Regulation of all aspects of technical education including engineering and management.
B. All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)	2. Coordination, determination, and maintenance of standards in university education, including granting funds.
C. National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE)	3. Regulation of medical education and profession.
D. National Medical Commission (NMC)	4. Regulation of teacher education programs and norms.

Match the following committees/policies with their seminal reports or key outcomes:

List-I (Committee/Policy)	List-II (Report/Key Outcome)
A- University Education Commission	1- 'Education and National Development'
B- Education Commission (Kothari)	2- 'The Report of the University Education Commission'
C- Committee on Renovation of HE	3- 'Learning: The Treasure Within'
D- Delors Commission (UNESCO)	4- 'Yash Pal Committee Report'

Rohan travels from his home to his office at a speed of

5 \text{ km/hr}

and returns at a speed of

3 \text{ km/hr}

. If he takes 8 hours for the entire journey, find the distance between his home and office.

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): A firewall is a critical component for securing an educational institution's network.
Reason (R): A firewall acts as a barrier between a trusted internal network and untrusted external networks, such as the internet, filtering incoming and outgoing traffic based on a set of rules. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer:

What is the timeline produced by NEP 2020 to raise GER in higher education to 50%?

Arrange the following Post-Independence Educational Commissions/Policies in the correct chronological order of their submission/appointment, from the earliest to the latest:

National Knowledge Commission (NKC)
Secondary Education Commission
University Education Commission
Education Commission (Kothari Commission)

Arrange the following Education Committees chronologically:
A. Yashpal Committee
B. Durgabai Deshmukh National Committee on Women's Education
C. Birla Ambani Report
D. Janardhan Reddy Committee
E. Hansa Mehta Committee

Match List - I with List - II:

List - I (Computer attack/cyber crime)	List - II (Definition)
A. Worm	I. Misdirecting users to a fraudulent website without their knowledge or consent.
B. Bot	II. A malware that replicates itself in order to spread to other computers across the network.
C. Denial-of-Service	III. Flooding sites with useless traffic to overwhelm a network.
D. Pharming	IV. A malware that responds to external commands sent by an attacker.
(A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(III), (D)-(I)

If in the year 2021, the expenditure of Company A was equal to the expenditure of Company B, then what was the ratio of their respective incomes?

In the year 2022, if the income of Company B was 52 Crore and the expenditures of both the Companies A and B were the same, then what was the average income of both the companies A and B?

In the year 2023, if the income of Company B was 70 Crores, then what was the expenditure of the Company B in that year?

If the ratio of expenditures of Company A in 2019 and 2023 is

4:3

, then the income of Company A in 2019 is what percent more than the income of Company A in 2023?

For Company B, if the income in the year 2018 was equal to the expenditure in the year 2020, then what was the ratio of income of B in 2018 to that in 2020?

The registers used inside a CPU are fabricated primarily using which material?

Arrange the following phases of a penetration test (ethical hacking) in the correct sequence:
i. Gaining Access
ii. Reconnaissance
iii. Reporting
iv. Vulnerability Analysis

Match List - I with List - II:

List - I (Successive Discounts)	List - II (Equivalent Discount)
A. $10\%$ & $15\%$	I. $28\%$
B. $20\%$ & $30\%$	II. $32.5\%$
C. $10\%$ & $20\%$	III. $23.5\%$
D. $10\%$ & $25\%$	IV. $44\%$
A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III

List - I (Encoding Scheme)	List - II (Number of Bits)
A. UTF-8	I. 7 bits
B. ASCII	II. 8, 16, 24, or 32 bits
C. BCD	III. 4 bits
D. Unicode (UTF-32)	IV. 32 bits
A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV

In Patanjali's Astanga Yoga, the eight constituents are collectively called the Yogāngas (limbs of yoga). The last three limbs which are internal (antaranga) and together constitute Samyama - are correctly given in which of the following options?

Match the following international environmental agreements with the specific environmental issues they address:

List-I (International Agreement)	List-II (Environmental Issue)
A. Ramsar Convention	1. Desertification
B. UNCCD	2. Wetland conservation
C. Vienna Convention	3. Hazardous waste trade
D. Bamako Convention	4. Ozone layer protection
A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4

Match List-I (Convention/Protocol) with List-II (Key Feature/Objective):

List-I	List-II
A. Kyoto Protocol	1. HFCs phase-down (Kigali Amendment)
B. Paris Agreement	2. POPs elimination
C. Montreal Protocol	3. NDCs and $1.5^{\circ}\text{C}$ goal
D. Stockholm Convention	4. Binding Annex I targets
A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4

Which of the following are core missions of the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)?
A. National Solar Mission
B. National Mission on desert
C. National Water Mission
D. National mission for sustainable agriculture
E. National Mission on Indian Ocean

Hydrogen fuel cells are categorized as:

If

m

and

n

are real numbers such that

m^{2}+n^{2}=20

and

n=m+2

, then the value of

m^{4}+n^{4}

is:

Match the ancient educational institutions in List I with their primary field of specialization or a defining feature in List II:

List I (Ancient Institution / Feature)	List II (Specialization/Feature / Institution)
I. Site where Chanakya is believed to have taught statecraft	A. Nalanda
II. Center for Vajrayana Buddhist philosophy, established by Pala King Dharmapala	B. Takshashila
III. Famous for the vast library complex, Dharmaganja (Mountain of Truth)	C. Vikramashila
IV. Noted center for Hinayana Buddhism and the study of Nyaya	D. Valabhi
A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I

Given below are four statements regarding Levels of Teaching:
Statement I: Memory level teaching is associated with Herbart and focuses on rote learning and factual recall without emphasis on understanding.
Statement II: Understanding-level teaching, associated with Morrison, aims at helping learners comprehend relationships and meanings - going beyond mere memorization.
Statement III: Reflective level teaching is the lowest level of teaching as it requires minimal cognitive effort from both teacher and student.
Statement IV: All three levels of teaching - Memory, Understanding, and Reflective are equally appropriate for university-level instruction. Choose the most appropriate answer:

Match List I (Maxim of Teaching) with List II (Correct Direction/Meaning):

List I (Maxim)	List II (Direction)
A. From Known to Unknown	I. Begin with physical objects before introducing abstract symbols
B. From Concrete to Abstract	II. Build on existing knowledge to introduce new concepts
C. From Simple to Complex	III. Start with local, familiar examples before global concepts
D. From Local to General	IV. Introduce easy foundational concepts before difficult ones
A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III

Identify the correct sequence of stages in qualitative data analysis:
(A) Data familiarization
(B) Generating initial codes
(C) Searching for themes
(D) Reviewing themes
(E) Defining and naming themes
(F) Producing the report

Match List I (Sampling Method) with List II (Key Characteristic):

List I (Sampling)	List II (Characteristic)
A. Systematic Sampling	I. Participants recruit future participants
B. Cluster Sampling	II. Every $n^{\text{th}}$ element selected from an ordered list
C. Snowball Sampling	III. Naturally occurring groups randomly selected as units
D. Purposive Sampling	IV. Researcher deliberately selects information-rich cases
A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV

"Standard Deviation" is considered the most reliable measure of dispersion because:

Match List I (Type of Validity) with List II (Key Characteristic):

List I - Validity	List II - Focus
A. Content Validity	I. Accuracy of the causal relationship
B. Criterion Validity	II. Extent to which the measure represents all facets of a construct
C. Internal Validity	III. Correlation with an external standard or outcome
D. External Validity	IV. Generalizability of findings to other settings
A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV

Match List I (Research Design) with List II (Key Feature):

List I (Design)	List II (Feature)
A. True Experimental	I. No random assignment

Arrange the following according to the "Square of Opposition" in descending order of truth-value constraint (from strongest contradiction to sub-alternation):
I. Contradictories
II. Contraries
III. Sub-contraries
IV. Sub-alterns

The "Red Herring" fallacy is best described as:

Arrange the components of a standard-form Categorical Proposition in the correct structural sequence:

Predicate Term
Quantifier
Copula
Subject Term

Match the specific situation (List I) with the Pramana (List II) used to acquire that knowledge:

List I (Situation)	List II (Pramana)
A. Understanding that there is no teacher in the classroom.	1. Arthapatti (Implication)
B. Knowing that a heavy person is eating at night because they don't eat during the day.	II. Anupalabdhi (Non-perception)
C. Knowing that a wild cow is like a domestic cow.	III. Sabda (Verbal Testimony)
D. Learning about gravity from a physics textbook.	IV. Upamana (Comparison)
A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III